What is the difference between marginal and effective tax rate?

Your marginal tax rate is the rate applied to your last dollar of income — the highest bracket you fall into. Your effective tax rate is your total tax divided by your total income, representing the average rate you actually pay. For example, someone earning $100,000 (single) has a 22% marginal rate but an effective rate around 15%, because most of their income is taxed at the lower 10% and 12% rates.

How do US tax brackets work?

US federal income tax uses a progressive (or graduated) system. Your income is divided into portions, and each portion is taxed at its own rate. For example, in 2024 for a single filer, the first $11,600 is taxed at 10%, the next $35,550 at 12%, and so on. Moving into a higher bracket does NOT mean all your income is taxed at that higher rate — only the income within that bracket.

What is the standard deduction for 2024?

The 2024 standard deduction is $14,600 for Single and Married Filing Separately, $29,200 for Married Filing Jointly, and $21,900 for Head of Household. The standard deduction reduces your taxable income before brackets are applied. Additional deductions are available for those aged 65+ or blind.

Does this calculator include state taxes?

No, this calculator estimates federal income tax only. State income tax rates vary widely — some states like Texas, Florida, and Nevada have no state income tax, while others like California can add over 13%. You should factor in your state tax separately for a complete picture.

Why is my take-home pay higher than expected from this calculator?

This calculator only estimates federal income tax. Your actual paycheck deductions also include FICA taxes (Social Security at 6.2% and Medicare at 1.45%), state and local income taxes, health insurance premiums, 401(k) contributions, and other withholdings. Actual take-home pay will be lower than the estimate shown here.

What filing status should I choose?

Choose Single if unmarried, divorced, or legally separated. Choose Married Filing Jointly if married and filing a combined return (usually results in lowest tax). Choose Married Filing Separately if married but wanting separate returns. Choose Head of Household if unmarried, pay more than half of housing costs, and have a qualifying dependent.

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Tax Bracket Calculator

US 2024 federal tax brackets: 10% (up to $11,600 single), 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35%, 37% (over $609,350 single). Tax is progressive—each rate applies only to income within that bracket. Effective tax rate is total tax divided by gross income. Standard deduction: $14,600 single, $29,200 married filing jointly.

Calculate your 2024 US federal income tax by bracket. Enter gross income and filing status to see tax owed per bracket, total federal tax, effective and marginal tax rates, visual bracket breakdown, and take-home pay estimate. Standard deduction applied automatically.

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Gross Annual Income

Filing Status

About This Calculator

Uses 2024 US federal tax brackets and standard deductions
Standard deduction is applied automatically (itemized deductions not supported)
Federal tax only — state and local taxes vary by location
Does not include FICA (Social Security 6.2% + Medicare 1.45%), self-employment tax, or AMT
For estimation purposes only — consult a tax professional for actual filing

How to Use

Enter your value in the input field
Click the Calculate/Convert button
Copy the result to your clipboard

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between marginal and effective tax rate?: Your marginal tax rate is the rate applied to your last dollar of income — the highest bracket you fall into. Your effective tax rate is your total tax divided by your total income, representing the average rate you actually pay. For example, someone earning $100,000 (single) has a 22% marginal rate but an effective rate around 15%, because most of their income is taxed at the lower 10% and 12% rates.
How do US tax brackets work?: US federal income tax uses a progressive (or graduated) system. Your income is divided into portions, and each portion is taxed at its own rate. For example, in 2024 for a single filer, the first $11,600 is taxed at 10%, the next $35,550 at 12%, and so on. Moving into a higher bracket does NOT mean all your income is taxed at that higher rate — only the income within that bracket.
What is the standard deduction for 2024?: The 2024 standard deduction is $14,600 for Single and Married Filing Separately, $29,200 for Married Filing Jointly, and $21,900 for Head of Household. The standard deduction reduces your taxable income before brackets are applied. Additional deductions are available for those aged 65+ or blind.
Does this calculator include state taxes?: No, this calculator estimates federal income tax only. State income tax rates vary widely — some states like Texas, Florida, and Nevada have no state income tax, while others like California can add over 13%. You should factor in your state tax separately for a complete picture.
Why is my take-home pay higher than expected from this calculator?: This calculator only estimates federal income tax. Your actual paycheck deductions also include FICA taxes (Social Security at 6.2% and Medicare at 1.45%), state and local income taxes, health insurance premiums, 401(k) contributions, and other withholdings. Actual take-home pay will be lower than the estimate shown here.
What filing status should I choose?: Choose Single if unmarried, divorced, or legally separated. Choose Married Filing Jointly if married and filing a combined return (usually results in lowest tax). Choose Married Filing Separately if married but wanting separate returns. Choose Head of Household if unmarried, pay more than half of housing costs, and have a qualifying dependent.

2024 Federal Tax Brackets (Single)

Tax Rate	Income Range	Tax on Bracket
10%	$0 – $11,600	Up to $1,160
12%	$11,601 – $47,150	Up to $4,266
22%	$47,151 – $100,525	Up to $11,743
24%	$100,526 – $191,950	Up to $21,942
32%	$191,951 – $243,725	Up to $16,568
35%	$243,726 – $609,350	Up to $127,969
37%	Over $609,350	No limit

2024 Standard Deductions

Filing Status	Standard Deduction	Notes
Single	$14,600	Most common for unmarried individuals
Married Filing Jointly	$29,200	Combined deduction for married couples
Married Filing Separately	$14,600	Each spouse files independently
Head of Household	$21,900	Unmarried with qualifying dependent